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HAZOP: Hazard and Operability Study
HAZOP is a systematic technique to identify potential hazards and operability problems caused by deviations from the design intent of process plants.
Main objective and benefits of HAZOP
Objective: Identifying the cause and consequences of possible mal operations of different equipment and operator errors in the context of the entire process.
Examples of Benefits: Greater Safety
Creativity in design concept evaluation
Fewer commissioning and operational problems Overall cost-effectiveness improvement
Elimination or reduction of possibility of operating deviations
Providing evidence of comprehensive thoroughness (often can be used as a management tool in cases of insurance and inspections)
Tasks
1: How deviations from the design intent can arise?
2: Can such deviations impact safety and operability?
3: What actions are necessary?
Answer:
HAZOP for Distillation Column:
|
Parameters |
Guide word |
Deviation |
Causes |
Consequences |
Action |
|
Flow |
No
Less
High |
No Flow
Less flow
High flow |
Pump Failure Valve Failure Tube Blocking Pipe Blocking
Pipe Blockage Pump failure Valve problem Tube Leakages
Opening the Control valve. Enhance Pump capacity. Valve failure.
|
Operational Failure Dry Out Column Risky Concentration
Dry out Column Product immediate exchange
Temperature Reduce Product Exchange. Bottom rising
|
Emergency Shut Down Bypassing Maintenance Alarm Installing (low)
Alarm Installing (low) Maintenance Bypassing Immediate Shutdown
Maintenance and scheduling. Alarm and a high level of control were installing.
|
|
Temperature |
Low
High
|
Low Temperature
High Temperature |
|
|
Installing the low-temperature Alarm Maintenance and scheduling Installing the High-temperature Alarm Maintenance and scheduling
|
|
Level |
Low
High |
Low level
High level |
Pipe leakage
Output Blockage |
Valve closed Backflow materials Level decreased.
Extreme pressure |
Low-level alarm installing Maintenance and upgrading
High level alarm installing Maintenance and upgrading |
Report:
HAZOP is mainly suitable for the classification of risks from new outlines of equipment. A technique which discovers the separate features of a connection, such as HAZOP. These will be applicable for any vital threat installation which has elements of complexity and novelty. HAZOP study is mainly approved during the initial project phase to have enough time to implement the references during this project. HAZOP methodology involves demonstrating which are the significances of process abnormality and tries to moderate the risk by executing recommendations as layer protection.
The first stage in HAZOP analysis describes the subsystems, and in every subsystem, it is essential to express nodes. Depending on the HAZOP leader description, it’s been measured the sources and protection into the nodes evaluated. The significant critical concern is not to overlook any importance of process deviation. The next stage is to investigate process abnormality like levels, flow and temperatures (Crawley & Tyler, 2015). The difference between the protection layer and safeguard is that protection layer activates individually without human help.
The significant issue with HAZOP is logistics problems such as accessible and dependable media and digital devices as well as a satisfactory area. Like all documentation and risk analysis is also very significant, which means P&ID draw, process explanation, equipment information as well as historical data (Guiochet , 2016). These means that if there are no procedures in P&D draw, even though the professional authorizes such equipment in the next P&ID draw version, the material must be measured in HAZOP as a reference.
Although several risk matrices have been establishing. The actual risk ranking tools in daily operations, during the HAZOP studies, are very partial. It is easy to apply and easy for most HAZOP participants to understand. Once material data are recording, then the related HAZOP model for the specific plant is generated with P&ID (recorded) linked automatically and prepared for HAZOP analysis. The next part is Knowledgebase, and it consists of two parts like project-specific and generic. The knowledgebase is proficient of signifying possible explanations. Knowledgebase directly interconnects with the GUI to help the user to carry on HAZOP investigation. The last part is the inference engine or search engine. It has an error circulation procedure, which in combination with Knowledgebase helps the user to recover the specific and generic abnormal sources and related adverse outcomes.
HAZOP team leaders are trying to maintain some steps, and this is very much important for designing (Hyatt, 2018). First of all, define the detailed objectives and scopes of the HAZOP. Then they are focusing on the required documentation. After fulfilling the documentation part, the leader creates a team, and these teams initially try to prepare the HAZOP techniques. After the preparation, the team can implement the follow up action and record the final result.
A HAZOP is a controlled brainstorming assembly which is set up to recognize possible unwanted events that may generate operability problem or hazard (Kletz , 2018). A HAZOP is usually essential to be carried out at numerous points during the facility design. It is expecting that a HAZOP carried out at the initial stages of design will characteristically produce several actions. The primary method is to divide the plant process into suitable nodes then to go through every node using guide words to recognize causes that could start an unwanted event.
References:
Crawley, F., & Tyler, B. (2015). HAZOP: Guide to best practice. Elsevier.
Guiochet, J. (2016). Hazard analysis of human–robot interactions with HAZOP–UML. Safety science, 84, 225-237.
Hyatt, N. (2018). Guidelines for process hazards analysis (PHA, HAZOP), hazards identification, and risk analysis. CRC press.
Kletz, T. A. (2018). Hazop & Hazan: identifying and assessing process industry hazards. CRC Press.
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