reply to my classmates

**Note: each reply should be separated** 

** 150 words for each reply**

Reply to my first classmate:ALI ALZUWAYYID 

Industrialized countries, including the United States, still place obstacles to their imports, and this has appeared to be the failure of the World Trade Organization meetings since the Seattle and Cancun meetings due to the failure of developed countries to implement their commitments to liberalize their trade and open their markets to imports and imports from developing countries. The difference between the current customs tariff and the higher applicable tariff is of great importance if it is taken into account that a significant portion of the imports may also have lower prices as a result of the commitment of the producing countries to reduce the export taxes imposed on them. This also reflects on lowering or raising the prices of local industrial products that depend on inputs (raw materials, semi-finished goods) or imported machinery and equipment in response to a decrease or increase in their prices due to the reduction of customs on exports or the reduction or elimination of export subsidies in the countries of origin. I think that Tariffs are important for developing countries, as they use it to steadily increase their cash revenue and revenue stream, which is used to cover government expenditures and support vulnerable groups in society. Also the imposition of customs tariffs also helps to reduce the consumption of international goods that do not comply with environmental and health standards, and thus protect citizens from harm to health from these goods.

Reference:Liberalization of tariffs on industrial goods between the United States of America and the European Union: An economic analysis ,

Retrieved from: https://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2019/february/tradoc_157704.pdf 

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 Reply to my secnde classmate: MOHAMMED ALGHAMDI 

 Duty is an expense set on imports merchandise by the administration which prompts an expansion in the cost for customers, levies put to shield zone industry from lower-estimated imports to keep the nearby item serious, it is likewise positioned for non-natural or undesirable products. Duties influence not just the exchange, creation, utilization propensities and government assistance of the nations that execute them, yet in addition their exchanging accomplices’ government assistance. They do so both through the outright security levels they offer and through their structure-related mutilations. Duties, specifically, assemble a wedge among homegrown and worldwide costs, driving interest towards options made locally. 

     Besides, an inconsistent tax framework misshapes motivators for creation and request, further keeping exchanging accomplices from reaping benefits connected to their upper hands. In this way, whenever followed by compelling reciprocal approaches (for example macroeconomic, social and work market strategies), non-oppressive tax progression is regularly expected to prompt better asset circulation and to offer advantages for nations acquainting changes with their accomplices (Baldwin, R. E., & Murray, T. (1977)). 

    Turkey is the biggest province in scrap iron imports and dependent on Observatory of Economic Complexity site turkey imports 14% of the piece from the UK which is utilized for turkey materials for the railroad, machine, and car ventures, another understanding reported that exchanging among UK and Turkey is sans levies (Nowak‐Lehmann, F., Herzer, D., Martinez‐Zarzoso, I., & Vollmer, S. (2007)). 

    Such change will profit the UK as the turkey will build the bringing in share from the UK and this will bring about abatement it from different nations and furthermore will give Turkey more near preferred position in the related enterprises as the cost will be lower after the duties free approach (Günay, K. (2008)). 

    A portion of the created nations have explicit and coordinated concurrence with different regions for taxes disposal as both will get benefits for imported and sent out items between these two regions yet it can’t be by and large with all nations in light of the fact that to shield the neighborhood business from the regions which produce the equivalent with lower cost. I would suggest that UK is not taking out levies as it will profit the nation economy and will expand the relative preferred position among UK and different nations.

 

References:

Baldwin, R. E., & Murray, T. (1977). MFN tariff reductions and developing country trade benefits under the GSP. The Economic Journal, 87(345), 30-46. 

Nowak‐Lehmann, F., Herzer, D., Martinez‐Zarzoso, I., & Vollmer, S. (2007). The Impact of a Customs Union between Turkey and the EU on Turkey’s Exports to the EU. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 45(3), 719-743.

Günay, K. (2008). The competitiveness of the Turkish iron and steel industry in the process of membership to the European Union.